Liberal Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Liberal Democracy - Essay Example In history, the concept of authenticated and free elections was very strong and it is the reason why most of the dealing conducted on the same idea. As the descriptions and definitions of peacekeeping are immense, similarly there is no single definition of democracy. To sustain democracy, people need democratically elected government. Therefore, elections are mandatory for such people in order to practice democracy. Much analysis of the same democracy involves other factors to name it as the true democracy. Those factors include rule of law, human rights protection, private property protection, individual protection, minority rights protection, segregation of powers of government into different sectors and proper check and balance of delegated authority. In the same light, if a country wants to be called as a democratic government, election is not the only way to achieve it. Democratically elected government is not the only factor that brings the title of democratic power to the coun try. It has to be the liberal democracy that can delivers the ever lasting peace and sustainability that can only be achieved through authenticated and independent elections. So, in this piece of writing, the word democracy is basically a liberal democracy that is created not just to provide protection to the citizens of the nation from the cruelty of the rulers but also safe guard one segment of the nation from the atrocities of the other segment. This sort of democracy is linked with fundamental human rights, good government policies that have the grip to the influential governing people and rule of law. In actual, the liberal democracy is a type of representative democracy where the elected bodies having the governing and decision making power are worked under the constitution that highlights the freedom of citizen and protection of minorities right in the given state. Discussion Liberal form of democracy has become very much popular all over the world and is the top form of gove rnment not just in the western world but also practice in union soviet community. Regardless of the fact that it is spreading at a very fast pace, the democratic system is not completely free from external threatening that has even reached to well developed states. In Russia where the government system is at the top most level, the democratic system still faces the hindrance. In 1989, the constitution development process was not just a domestic affair but reach to an international level with comparative exercise that was not found before the century. The international factor came in the form that various experienced practitioners were allowed to take part in the formation of the constitution from different state and those democratic states who didn’t include them in the process ultimately face the stamp. Constitutional liberation took place after 1989. During that time, democracy was something open and reachable to any individual. As the custom-made format was the most desira ble one than the ready to available one, but the consultation could be made from the experienced makers to get the most benefit. Democratic assistance was seen from western nations but some were fearful regarding the outcome stayed away from the point. Non-governmental organization started working to provide the assistance where it was needed including United Nations and many others. American bar association constitute various personals from different segments of society including merchants, lawyers and judges to serve the purpose of composing the constitutional drafts when needed. As the 19th century was the period of Christian missionaries, the 21st century was labeled as

Language Evolution and Syntactic Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Language Evolution and Syntactic Theory - Essay Example Category one and two combine when considering that the "universal characteristics of language may be so because they are aspects that make it more easily acquirable."2 The evolutionary nature of language is a new category of investigation that attempts to determine what occurred in our ancestral lineage that gave rise to a form of communication that is distinct from other species. This category involves genetics, paleontology, and archaeology. However, whereas these studies benefit from a rich fossil record, evolutionary linguistics suffers from a lack of evidence. To overcome these shortcomings, linguists often make use of studies in the four categories already discussed. However, Kinsella's research is unique in that it will not rely on the four categories. Instead, she utilizes evidence from evolutionary studies that will shed a critical light on the theory of linguistics. The essential argument Kinsella makes is that this research is a step in developing a more unified theory of linguistics. This is much like psycholinguistics or neurolinguistics before it, which incorporate diverse disciplines in founding new conclusions. Kinsella frames the current discussion on language within syntactic theory. She criticizes these theories for relying on theories that are based only in linguistics and don't incorporate multi-disciplinary perspectives in their analysis. She contends that syntactic theory needs to be critiqued not merely as a means of recording observable data. In addition, syntactic theory must also be critiqued as a theory of language that must be consistent with theories in other fields. While she acknowledges that there are many competing syntactic theories, the research focuses on the Minimalist Program and contrasts it with theories in evolutionary biology to test its validity. It's notable that the analysis focuses the validity of the linguistic side and not the biological side. This seems to be due to the foundational role evolutionary biology plays in the Minimalist Program. Also, there is a continued view of linguistic philosophy as a 'soft' science. Kinsella is vague in distinguishing the exact specifications of the Minimalist Program. She writes that, "...syntactic theory tells usthat the grammatical structure of language is the mediator between signal and meaning"3 and references Chomsky as privileging the internal aspects of language over the external. While she discusses the MP's emphasis on creativity within syntactic structures, it seems that she is ultimately positioning it as a strongly internal theory of languag