Inclusive Education of Children with Autism Essay

Inclusive Education of Children with Autism - Essay Example But to what extent is this possible; and what else needs to be done Truthfully, a lot more needs to be done for these methods of inclusive education to be successful. Some areas have excellent access to schooling systems equipped to teach children with autistic spectrum disorders while others have no provisions to handle these disabilities. This paper will look at some of the methods that have been researched worldwide, which of these methods are currently available, and how accessible these methods are to the children today in the United Kingdom. Strategies and ideas of what else needs to be done will also be discussed, as will be the results these methods have had to those children who have been lucky enough to gain access to inclusive education. Autism is used to refer to a group of neurological disorders. These disorders interfere with the development of a child's behavioural and social communications skills (McLelland, 1999); often leaving the child to be seen as withdrawn-as though he or she is living enclosed in a world all alone. Autistic children frequently show impressive abilities, such as playing music with no mistakes after only hearing a piece once; however, these abilities are sometimes shadowed by a difficulty with speaking and perfecting some motor skills. These difficulties are commonly coupled with a seeming inability to effectively relate to others (McLelland, 1999). Autistic spectrum disorders, including Rett's Disorder and Asperger's Syndrome, have had a large effect on the classroom due to the lack of understanding and knowledge about the disorder. Because of some apparent disabilities, many autistic children find that they need some supervision throughout their lives. This constant need for supervision can make teaching in formal institutions difficult as autistic children need much more attention than healthy children without disabilities (McLelland, 1999). The question stands, though, as to what extent the need to become inclusive has been met. Forty-five teachers in the United States were surveyed regarding their students with Asperger's Syndrome and the behaviours of those students in relation to the interaction received by their respective teachers (Hartman, 2001). The study was implemented to compare the behavioural interruptions or problems between autistic children in a special education environment versus those in a general education. Many of the problems found were abrupt interruptions, agitation, victimization, and difficulty following oral instructions. Other problems frequently included distractibility, strong, adverse reactions to change, and difficulty communicating wants and needs on the part of the student (Hartman, 2001). This study brought to both the medical community and the education teams the need for world-wide adjustment within the education systems to better include children with autistic spectrum disorders. Concerns of this need have since spread through the United Kingdom (Irish Times, 2005). While an Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) approach to teaching has been

Student Resources Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Student Resources Worksheet Essay Student resources include a variety of helpful sites and tools that can be of assistance when completing assignments, connecting to other students, and searching for careers. Complete this table regarding student resources provided by the university. In the first column, identify where the resource can be found. In the second column, summarize each resource in at least one sentence. When you are finished with the matrix, answer the follow-up question in part B. Part A: Resources Scavenger Hunt Student resource Where found Summary of the resource Syllabus Home section Lets you know all of your tasks and assignments and what is required of you to do throughout your whole course Class Policies Class Home Tells you the academic and instructor policies University Library Library Has a variety of resources and links to help us as students. We can also search for a variety of things. University Academic Catalog Program Contains academis program and policies effective to your program University Learning Goals

How to Write an Essay :: essays research papers fc

1. What is an essay? An organised collection of YOUR IDEAS about literary texts nicely written and professionally presented . In other words, the essay must be well structured (ie organised) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. But, above all, it must consist of your ideas about literary texts. This is the centre of it: this, and this only, gets the marks. Not quotes from critics, not generalisations at second hand about literary history, not filling and padding; your thoughts, that you have had while in the act of reading specific bits of literary texts, which can be adduced in the form of quotations to back up your arguments. 2. Why write in this way? 2.1 Learning how to write professionally In the English Department you learn how to respond to literary texts. This is an interesting and worthwhile thing to do, but unless you become a teacher of English remarkably few people in later life will be interested in your thoughts about Jane Austen. What they will be interested in (I'm talking about potential employers now, but not only them) is your ability to talk, to think, and to write. This part of the course is where you learn to write: professionally. The guidelines that follow tell you how to do it, or rather how to learn to do it. They set a higher standard than is usually asked of a first year undergraduate essay in this Department. This is for the following reasons. (1) I think it's my job to offer you the best advice I can, not to tell you how to get by. (2) If you learn what these guidelines teach, you will get better marks in all the essays you do from now on until finals. You will surprise the markers with the quality of your presentations, by producing a better quality than they expect. (3) You will learn a skill, a not-very-hard-to-learn skill, that will last you for the rest of your life. 3. Collecting the material The first task is to get the material together. The material comes in two kinds: primary and secondary sources. Primary sources in this case are literary texts: the actual material that you work on. Secondary sources are works of criticism. Here is your Second Important Message:

Frankenstein’s obsession Essay

In chapter 5 Frankenstein abandons the creature he created and his actions have a big impact on the rest of the story. The monster is left on his own to deal with fear and loneliness. He also has to deal with the humanity, who judge him on his appearance and as a result do not welcome him.  Shelley’s message to her readers could be that, we should all take responsibility for everything that we do. And that we should not judge things of they’re appearance. When Frankenstein sees his friend Henry Clerval, he asks about his family and we can see that he is worried. The lines †It gives me the greatest delight to see you; but tell me how you left my father, brothers, and Elizabeth† shows that Frankenstein cares about his family and that he is worried about them. The fact that he is worried is significant because later on in the novel his family is going to be in danger, which worries Frankenstein even more. In chapter 5 we might feel sympathy for Frankenstein, when he shows confusion by saying:† How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form?†. Shelley could have used this rhetorical question to make us feel sympathy for Frankenstein. The readers understand that Frankenstein is finding it hard to deal with emotions as he is experiencing the rhetorical question emphasizes his confusion. Frankenstein has waited nearly two years for this moment, we know this because he says: †I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body.† Evidently he was very passionate about what he was doing and we partly feel sorry for him because he was unhappy with what he had done. However Shelley draws use also to feel sympathy for the monster, when he tells his story, further in the novel. We feel more sympathy towards the monster because, he was left all alone and it was actually Frankenstein’s fault. The monster didn’t do anything wrong, but Frankenstein judged him for the way he looked and left him. One of the most important moments is when Frankenstein says:† I stepped fearfully in: the apartment was empty and my bedroom was also freed from its hideous guest. I could hardly believe that so great a good fortune could have befallen me, but when I became assured that my enemy had indeed fled, I clapped my hands for joy and ran down to Clerval.† Frankenstein announces the monster has left which he is overjoyed with; this is ironic because the monster has not gone for good! He will return and look for revenge. The monster is just like a child because if Frankenstein had brought him up and showed him love the monster might not have become a killer. In chapter 5 Frankenstein’s obsession is shown very well. He does not think about anything but his work. We can see this when he says:† For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that for exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart.† Shelley uses strong words, to emphasize Frankenstein’s obsession. Shelley suggests that if you desire something so badly and it doesn’t work about to be the way you had expected it; this will be very hard for you to accept. When Frankenstein says:† He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs.† we see his cowardice. Frankenstein is scared that the monster will kill him and he tries to get away, after he has ‘escaped’ the monster, we can guess that he is proud of escaping the creature. In the lines:† I then paused, and a cold shivering came over me. I threw the door forcibly open as children are accustomed to do when they expect a spectre to stand in waiting for them on the other side; but nothing appeared.† We see that Frankenstein compares himself with children; Shelley could have used this simile to emphasise the fact that Frankenstein is trying to get rid of his responsibilities. In chapter 5 we also see that Frankenstein is a very selfish man and that he only thinks about himself. We can see this selfishness in the relieve he shows when he finds out that the monster has left. Without thinking about where the monster might have gone, he says:† I could hardly believe that so great a good fortune could have befallen me†. Shelley uses pathetic fallacy in her novel as the weather reflects the mood of Frankenstein. She starts the chapter with:† It was on a dreary night of November†, the weather emphasises Frankenstein’s disgust, fear and depression. He is also talking about a †comfortless sky†, this could emphasise the fact that Frankenstein has no one to comfort him. At the end of chapter 5 Shelley uses pathetic fallacy again. We can see that when Frankenstein says:† It was a divine spring, and the season contributed greatly to my convalescence†. Frankenstein feels like he started a new life, because it’s spring. We can guess that Shelley has used the season cycle to emphasise that, even though Frankenstein thinks he is being given another chance and he can start a new life in spring, the winter will come back and so will the monster. Chapter 5 shows us the obsession that a lot of people could have to create life. Even thought we try so hard we would never be able to make something as beautiful as god can. Frankenstein says:† it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived.† This is ironic because god is the one who gives life. We can assume that Shelley used irony here to emphasise the hate and disgust Frankenstein has. The contrast between God and Dante, winter and spring emphasize the fact good and evil will be a contrast throughout the novel. There is a lot of loneliness shown in Chapter 5, until Clerval comes. Frankenstein is very pleased with finally having someone around. We can see this when he says:† But I was in reality very ill, and surely nothing but the unbounded and unremitting attentions of my friend could have restored me to life.†Ã‚  In this chapter we have learned that in the nineteenth century people were very religious and even though they believed that you couldn’t play god, they were very interested in science, creating of life and things like that. We also know that this novel was very popular in the nineteenth century, because there was no entertainment such as televisions and theatres. This novel was also popular because people those days were interested in horrific images and unnatural ideas.

Partnership Care Nursing: A review of two Peer-reviewed Journals on Care Nursing

Introduction The concept of teamwork in health and social care has a vast literature. For instance, a policy developed by the Department of Health in 2007 mainly focused on eradicating inequalities in health service provision through partnership working between primary care providers and other social care agencies. Today’s healthcare service status demands teamwork, which is particularly true for nurses who have to deal with multiple of factors during their professional service provision. On the same breadth is the increased call for more patients’ involvement in their health, including on the right to make decision and seek legal support on the basis of their health. In other words, every patient receiving healthcare services, including nursing service is entitled to be actively involved in their own care. The philosophy behind partnership working in nursing is based on several concepts and principles: empowerment, autonomy & rights, power-sharing, information sharing, respect, mak ing informed choices, and paternalism. The aim of this paper is to analyse ideas from two different articles by different authors on the topic of nursing, particularly on the partnership working in nursing. Discussions Article I: Patient participation in nursing care: towards a concept clarification from a nurse perspective In their study, â€Å"Patient participation in nursing care: towards a concept clarification from a nurse perspective† Sahlsten et al. (2007) explored the evolution of patient participation, a concept that has not only gained significant transformation overtime, but also brought with it more challenges on definitions and dimensions of patient participation. The authors used focus group interviews to collect data, conducting open interviews on the selected seven groups. While the data gathering took five months to accomplish, the researchers were able to uncover the respondent’s perspectives in depth. While the focus group interviews may have mainly focused on the meaning and implementation of patient participation in line with the study’s aim, the results can clearly reveal what nurses value most in terms of patient participation. Respondents rated equal partners’ participation, co-operation, and shared responsibility as the most significant factors in rel ational nursing (Sahlsten et al., 2007, pp. 635-636). While the aim of the study was to explore â€Å"the meaning of patient participation in the nursing care from a nurse perspective† (Sahlsten et al., 2007, p.632), the review of other authors’ works reveals a plethora of issues in the nursing care and partnership working. The nurse-patient relationship is considered successful when both parties view each other as partners, with the nurse required to use professionalism, knowledge and positive ideas in the implementation of nursing care plan. Patient, on the other hand, is expected to have the intellectual ability to understand and make the right choices with regard to their own nursing care. The authors, however, faults the incongruence relationship between studies conducted in relation to patient participation on one side and definitions, elements and processes in literature and practice on the other side. Although there are a lot of empirical literature on nursing theories and patient participation, the authors claim t hat no empirically grounded theory has ever been established, calling for significant insight into more studies related to the concept of patient participation in their own nursing care. The authors claim that the traditional approach where patients were mere recipient of nursing care has changed, and subsequently replaced by the more active patients who are directly involved in their own care. More importantly, patients’ participation simply means the opportunity for them to participate in their own care, with regular adjustment as the situation may demand. Article II: The relational core of nursing practice as partnership Jonsdottir, Litchfield and Pharris (2004), while exploring â€Å"the relational core of nursing practice as partnership†, focused their analysis on the evolving relational core of nursing care in the backdrop of increased technology use and outcome-oriented approaches. The three authors, unlike their previously outlined counterparts, only focused on critical review of the available literature, espousing the role of evolving dialogue between nurse and patient in terms of partnership nursing and care. While technology is considered in the positive side in terms of medical breakthroughs, experts and general observers alike have associated it with distraction in health care services that need personalised attention including nursing (Jonsdottir, Litchfield and Pharris, 2004, p.241). In retrospect, the authors claim that the distracted modern nurse sees patient as a problem rather than partner to be attended to, consequently obscuring the humanness of nursing experience. To emphasise on the need to correct the deteriorating relational nursing concept in the perspective of partnership, Jonsdottir, Litchfield and Pharris (2004) outline and analyse various research studies that backs the need for nurses to be real partners through presence, care, and attentiveness in every stage of care nursing. The authors categorically state that the patients need medical treatment as priority, but emphasis should also be given to proven holistic approaches to care nursing, which studies have revealed to be equally significant in the overall healthcare. The focus on holistic care nursing should thus be based on dialogue between nurses and patients, for example, where the former should be in a position to explain to the latter why a certain procedure or activity is necessary in the process of care nursing. Conclusion While the two set of authors had different approaches to their respective work, both articles exemplifies harmony in terms of the need for partnership care nursing. One may, however, notice that the former article largely referred to partnership in the perspective of increased patient participation in own care nursing. The latter article mainly focused on partnership as a dialogue between nurse and patient. It is prudent to state that the former authors’ focus on patient elevation is largely due to historical background of healthcare service provision that pushed patients to the periphery of their own health. Nonetheless, the difference in semantics and approach notwithstanding, the two sets of authors agree that both patients and nurses need to collaborate, and view each other as partners rather than either one party feeling superior to one another. After all, it is common knowledge in the health care cycle that post-modern health and social care services requires more than t he post-war’s â€Å"one-size-fits-all† approach that dominated the universal health care service provision more than fifty decades ago. References Jonsdottir, H., Litchfield, M. and Pharris, M.D. 2004. The relational core of nursing practice as partnership. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 47(3), 241-250. Sahlsten M.J., Larson I.E., Sjostrom B., Lindencrona, C.S. and Ploskae. 2007. Patients participation in nursing care: towards a concept clarification from a nurse perspective. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, 630-637.

Free Essays on How To Become A Green Beret

The two crossed arrows, was worn during World War II by the best soldiers, the Special Service Force. All together they operate in about130 countries, speak about 15 different languages and hold higher-level positions than soldiers of the same rank. And unlike most soldiers, their mission is not as warriors but as teachers to soldiers and civilians in Third-World nations around the world. They are the Green Berets, soldiers who make up the Army's elite special forces. Becoming one of them takes fortitude and guts, said Capt. Todd Wilcox, recruiting detachment commander for the U.S. Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg, N.C. In order to become a green beret soldiers must be specialists and above, and officers must be First Lieutenants and above, before they can volunteer for the Special Forces. Also, a 23-day exercise in mental and physical endurance and one of several training courses for the Special Forces is required. Before a soldier attends SFAS, (Special Forces Asosiation) he's briefed about what to expect. Recruiters at Fort Bragg, and other select Army installations that recruit Special Forces soldiers explain what they'll do as members of a 12-man Special Forces Operational Detachment, or A-team, if they make it through Special forces association with three grueling phases then they will have a chance to become a Green Beret. The first week includes a variety of psychological and physical evaluations. A psychologist interviews each soldier to see if he's stable and whether he has problems from the past. The soldier must also meet the Army Physical Fitness Test standard for 17- to 21-year-olds, scoring at least 206 points, completing a 50-meter swim in boots and marching about 150 miles carrying a 50-pound backpack and a weapon. Week two includes more walking and marching but adds a 1.5-mile-long obstacle course with vertical obstacles 85 percent of which test upper body strength and a land... Free Essays on How To Become A Green Beret Free Essays on How To Become A Green Beret The two crossed arrows, was worn during World War II by the best soldiers, the Special Service Force. All together they operate in about130 countries, speak about 15 different languages and hold higher-level positions than soldiers of the same rank. And unlike most soldiers, their mission is not as warriors but as teachers to soldiers and civilians in Third-World nations around the world. They are the Green Berets, soldiers who make up the Army's elite special forces. Becoming one of them takes fortitude and guts, said Capt. Todd Wilcox, recruiting detachment commander for the U.S. Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg, N.C. In order to become a green beret soldiers must be specialists and above, and officers must be First Lieutenants and above, before they can volunteer for the Special Forces. Also, a 23-day exercise in mental and physical endurance and one of several training courses for the Special Forces is required. Before a soldier attends SFAS, (Special Forces Asosiation) he's briefed about what to expect. Recruiters at Fort Bragg, and other select Army installations that recruit Special Forces soldiers explain what they'll do as members of a 12-man Special Forces Operational Detachment, or A-team, if they make it through Special forces association with three grueling phases then they will have a chance to become a Green Beret. The first week includes a variety of psychological and physical evaluations. A psychologist interviews each soldier to see if he's stable and whether he has problems from the past. The soldier must also meet the Army Physical Fitness Test standard for 17- to 21-year-olds, scoring at least 206 points, completing a 50-meter swim in boots and marching about 150 miles carrying a 50-pound backpack and a weapon. Week two includes more walking and marching but adds a 1.5-mile-long obstacle course with vertical obstacles 85 percent of which test upper body strength and a land...

Why Therell Never Be a Perfect Time to Write

Why Therell Never Be a Perfect Time to Write Why There’ll Never Be a Perfect Time to Write Why There’ll Never Be a Perfect Time to Write By Ali Hale One day, you’re going to write that novel that’s been tugging at your sleeve. One day, you’re going to start posting regularly on your blog. One day, you’re going to finish that ebook you started. One day Trust me, I know how you feel. For years, I wanted to be a writer, but I didn’t actually write. I had lots of ideas and dreams, but they never made it out of my head and onto the page. Why? Because I was waiting for the perfect time. I thought that I’d suddenly, magically, find myself inspired. Great chunks of free time would materialise from nowhere, without any effort on my part. Guess what? It never happened. If you’re struggling to find the time (and energy) to sit down and write, then take heart. You’re not alone – in fact, â€Å"finding time to write† is the most common issue that I’m asked about when I’m coaching writers. Here’s why there’ll never be a perfect time: #1: Writing is a High-Resistance Activity I’ve been writing for a living for three years (I’ve completed a novel in that time too), and I still find myself reluctant to get going when I sit down to write. Writing isn’t easy. It takes mental energy – and often emotional energy, too. For most of us, the writing process is also a thinking process: for instance, if you’re putting together a â€Å"Hire Me† page for your blog, you’ll have to get completely clear about what exactly you offer, what you charge, and so on. There are an awful lot of activities that feel much easier than writing. Doing the housework. â€Å"Networking† on Twitter. Making a coffee. Sure, you’ll have the occasional day when you’re filled with inspiration and you can’t wait to get to the keyboard. But those days are pretty rare. #2: Writing Requires Concentration and Privacy Finding the perfect time to write isn’t the only issue at hand. You might also need to find a good place. It’s very tough to write if you’re sitting on a sofa with your laptop while the television’s on and housemates or family members are chatting. I personally find it almost impossible to write at all if anyone can see my screen (even if they’re not deliberately watching) – and I know that a lot of writers feel the same way. To feel secure enough to write, you need a certain amount of privacy. The perfect place isn’t going to appear from nowhere. You might hold out hopes for a magical day when your family do the chores, clear off to the park and leave you in peace to write but is that really going to happen? #3: Writing Is Important but (Usually) Not Urgent Your writing is important – even if no-one else seems to think so. If you get that novel finished, it could be the first step on a lucrative new career. If you write regularly on your blog, you’ll establish a strong online platform. And if you finish that ebook, you’ll have something to sell to your blog’s readers. Beyond that, your writing is important because it’s part of who you are. I’d hazard a guess that you’re happy when you manage to write – and dissatisfied when weeks or months go by without any writing. The problem is, â€Å"write novel† probably isn’t the most urgent thing on your to-do list. Less significant but more time-pressing tasks – like doing the chores, or fulfilling commitments that you’ve taken on – are pushing writing down and down the list. So What Can You Do? Stop waiting for the perfect time. Instead, make a commitment to find two hours during the next week when you can write. There are 168 hours in a week – you can take two of those to do something that really matters to you. Perhaps they won’t be the perfect time – but they’ll be far better than nothing. Good luck with your writing! Ali Hale is a writing coach and founder of our Freelance Writing Course. If you’d like some help finding time to write, she has a free mini-ebook How to Find Time For Your Writing, available when you join her newsletter list. (You’ll also get weekly writing tips and encouragement and occasional extra free ebooks – all straight to your inbox, all completely free.) You can find out more about the newsletter, and sign up, here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageWork of Art Titles8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Attracting Students to NOVA Southeastern University - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Attracting Students to NOVA Southeastern University - Smart Custom Writing Human Resource Management 2The successful activity of any organization directly depends on the ability to control and manage the talents of the staff that can be helpful some innovative ideas, perspectives and consideration for the improvement of the working process. The problems and challenges that can appear in the working environment may be turned into strategic assets of the organization and used for he company’s prosperity.   Due to different talents and different cultural backgrounds, diverse genders, ages and completely different lifestyles, the company can have more business opportunities, work more quickly and creatively and achieve the desirable goals as quickly as possible. If the environment of the organization does not maintain diversity broadly, there is a high risk to lose talent to competitors. Mathis and Jackson (2010, p.34) assert that many companies are afraid of this very situation. Human resources department is one of the main departments in any structure or organization. The HR is responsible for such tasks as hiring (recruitment), compensation, evaluation and management, promotions, managing relations, planning and payroll. The objective of human resources department is to maximize the coming investment from the organization's human capital and, on the same time, reduce the financial risk to the minimal limits. According to the vital role that human resources department play, there are some challenges such as managing knowledge workers, managing technological challenges, competence of HR managers, competence of HR managers and managing change. Obviously, it is not a complete list or duties and responsibilities of the human research department and managers. One of the main aims of HR department is to organize the work of the staff properly and guarantee excellent and due performance of the work. In this case, one of the most widely spread management tools is the performance appraisal. The question of the using of this management technique is rather controversial as it has both, positive and negative effects on the personnel. The appraisal of genuine performance is a process that is able to alleviate a lot of dysfunctions of conventional systems of the performance appraisal as well as produce a more humane and moral human resource management process of making decisions. Performance of the appraisal critics demonstrates a great number of convincing arguments against its use. Armstrong and Mitchell (2008, p.56) state that there are many cases when this system resulted in different problems.   The major critiques are that person performance appraisal supposes a false level of measurement correctness, produces conflict and competition of   dysfunctional employee, allocates an excessive amount of liability for bad performance to employees while undervaluing the general working process, underemphasizes the significance of work group. One more problem that may arise from the usage of critics of performance appraisal is a conflict between appraised and appraiser. In this case, everything depends upon the personality of both. Obviously, the appraiser should keep in mind some personal features of the employee and take into account the probable behavior of the person. In this case the psychological skills of the manager play very important role, as apprais al should be presented in a correct manner whatever it may be, positive or negative.   Very often, the incorrect manner of presenting the appraisal can lead to the dysfunction of the employee performance and worse results of work. The appraisal should be presented in such a manner to evoke the employee desire to improve the way of work. The staff should feel its necessity whatever appraisal might be in order not to lose the desire to work more efficiently. Very often, many managers carry out the performance appraisals rather poorly. As a result, they face up not only the unpleasant meetings, but also those where the manager and the representatives of the staff never quite comprehend each other, never quite value the other's viewpoint, and never quite settle the suitable goals that are necessary to achieve within the year. Unfortunately, it is practically inevitable the member of the staff will be less happy and less productive after conversation. It proves once again that the crit ical appraisal of the work should be done properly and very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding and decrease of the productiveness. While making the appraisal of the work of the staff, managers make one common mistake that can lead to frustration, misunderstanding and biased attitude in the team. While making the appraisal it is important to remember that it should be performed along with the employee, as only free eye-to-eye conversation can lead to the positive results. Otherwise, the employee can have the biased attitude form his or her colleagues and lose the desire to work productively. This is a kind of result that should be avoided in any case. In the book by Pynes (2009, p.67) there is a statement that critical appraisal of the performance has its positive effects and intentions. For instance, it can help in developing leadership skills by means of encouraging staff to work more effectively. Developing leadership is also very important, although it seems it is given less attention and development as it should be at all levels of the organization. Despite the fact that leadership is discussed on origin of personality and certain behaviors at an organizational level, which is more based on knowledge, the challenge is to improve employees who have performance based on their past records and knowledge into business leaders by imparting them with the necessary â€Å"software skills†. In any case, any kind of appraisal, positive or negative, can have good and bad results. Everything depends upon the manner of presenting it to the employee. Therefore, critical appraisal is not so scare and bad as it may seem although it ma y lead to positive changes within the tem and improve the performance of work. Reference List Armstrong, S. and Mitchell, B. (2008) The Essential HR Handbook: A Quick and Handy Resource for Any Manager or HR Professional , Sydney: Career Press.Mathis, R.L and Jackson J. (2010) Human Resource Management, Boston: South-Western College PubPynes, J. (2009) Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Strategic Approach (Essential Texts for Nonprofit and Public Leadership and Management, New York: Jossey-Bass

Anti hacking techniuqes Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Anti hacking techniuqes - Coursework Example Cybercrime is one of the problems being faced by everyone using computer systems and networks. The occurrence of cybercrime is all over the world. The cyber criminals have made everyone there target. There are various types of cybercrimes. This includes cyber stalking, identity thefts, malicious software, child abuse and soliciting and finally, hacking [1]. One among the stated cybercrime which is very popular is hacking. Hacking is caused by the desire of a hacker to get access to information without being authorized. Hacking is caused by the desire of the hacker to steal personal information from other internet users and use it for his/her own advantage. Hacking is dates back to1990’s where by hacking was basically done to be used to get more information of the system. This resulted in rivalry of hacking whereby hackers competed against each other in the determination of the best hacker. This saw the introduction of malicious software making them ubiquitous. Thus, the hacking infiltrated into networks making them, together with systems, slow. The growth of hacking became enormous and as a result, the hackers gained more skills making them skilful, knowledgeable and expertise in victimizing and exploiting others [2]. In recent times, hacking is not only used to victimize and exploit others, but also, hackers indulge in the hacking cybercrime to utilize their knowledge to gain quick benefits. The expertise is used by the hackers to exploit, deceive and steal to make easy money. The recent times have seen tremendous growth in technology whereby the growth of the internet is a major drive in this technological growth and as a result, the world is being made a global village by enhancing communication. Most of the crucial services like banking, institutional management, among others are done on the internet. The existence of the hackers

Courtly Love Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Courtly Love - Research Paper Example Christianity advocated for real love between two individuals of opposite sex who eventually ended up marrying and establishing a family together, while prohibiting any form of love, passion or desire by the married couples outside of their marriage. On the other hand, the concept of Courtly Love introduced a completely different perception of love, requiring that married ladies could still develop passion and have romance outside of their marriage, as long as they did not violate the rules of chastity and infidelity (Donaldson, 16). The fundamental principle of Courtly Love was that marriages were arranged, and had nothing to do with love, as long as such marriages brought wealth and power, as well as other material benefits to the participants and their families. Nevertheless, while the Courtly Love was a noble idea meant to allow married people, especially ladies to experience love and romance that they did not get out of their marriages which were not based on love, it eventually resulted into illicit and tragic love affairs that did not follow the laid down rules, as exemplified by William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. ... Most of such ladies were engaged in marriages for the convenience of their families in protecting their material wealth and power, as opposed to marrying out of love, thus living in marriages that had no happiness and where intimacy and romance did not fully exist, because the marriage partners did not have strong feelings for each other (Capellanus, 44). It is through the rise of the concept of Courtly Love, that such ladies were allowed to develop passion for the knights and courtiers who served within the kingly courts, given a leeway by the rule that marriage did not stop them from loving again and engaging in passionate romance with the knights and the courtiers, as long as they adhered to the rules of maintaining chastity and avoiding infidelity (Boase, 31). Nevertheless, with the leeway to engage in passionate romance and to love the knights and the courtiers, it was inevitable for such romances to develop into real feelings of love and lust for sexual engagements, which event ually saw such ladies engage in illicit love affairs with the knights and courtiers, thus breaking the rules of fidelity and chastity, and eventually ending up in tragedies (Jackson, 243). William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is one of the love literatures that were inspired b the concept of Courtly Love, which depicts the love triangle involving the ruling house and other revered families fighting for the love of 13-year old Juliet (Shakespeare, 23). The literature is motivated by the arranged marriage concept of the middle ages, where Count Paris, who is a member of the ruling family, seeks to marry Juliet out of an agreement reached

Analysis of the movie Gattaca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of the movie Gattaca - Essay Example These derived names represent individuals with certain genome. Valid are individuals whose genomes have been manipulated while the invalids are those that are born natural without genetic manipulation. This is the basis of genetic discrimination that the film depicts. The main character in the film is Vincent who is an invalid. He was born through the natural process. The Gattaca geneticist predicted that due to his genetic makeup, his life span is reduced to only 30 years. He could not even access jobs or resource from Gattaca resource centers simply because he is an outcast and deserves discrimination. His discrimination and perceived lack of capability drives his parents to have their second son born out of genetic manipulation. As Vincent grows, he is made to compete with his genetically superior brother Anton. They have to compete in swimming to test their capabilities based on their genetic makeup (Zaikowski & Garrett, 2994, pp. 942-949). Despite Vincent’s genetic makeup, he was determined to excel in Gattaca community where he was discriminated. He wanted to proof his parents wrong by becoming a celebrated space astronaut. It was such a hard task for him since the available astronaut facilities were owned only by the valid. His parents believed that because of his short lifespan, genetic flaws and weak heart, Vincent would only achieve his dream after his death. Gattaca, therefore, is a hot contest between the valid and the invalids who aims to achieve success in the society genetic discrimination stands out with clear visibility. The ethical dilemma and interpretations that surrounds the film Gattaca, however, are numerous. The greatest concern asks the question of how persons ought to be judged in the society. Should these judgments be based on individuals’ ambitions, interests, desires that he or she values in life or they be based on the genetic constitution. The Gattaca uses the genome of individuals in the contrary. Even

Theoretical Matrix of Organizational Change Research Paper

Theoretical Matrix of Organizational Change - Research Paper Example However, it should be noted that the contribution of these people is vital for effective change to take place. The fourth category is late majority, which mainly involves individuals who are interested in the results brought about by change before they can devote themselves to the change. The fifth one is laggards, which is composed of individuals who might disagree with efforts aimed at bringing change. In addition, they may also not be effective during the initial as well as the late change phases (Bate, Mendel and Robert, 2008). Kotter’s Theory According to Kotters' theory, change is made of emotional and situational components. Moreover, he developed a model of eight steps where through it change can be managed. These include the development of urgency, creation of a team to guide others, creation of vision, buying communication, enabling actions, creation of short-term advantages, not giving up and making the change stick. In addition, Kotter organizes every step into thr ee similar phases. The initial phase, which is the creation of climate that enables change, entails the first, second and third step. The next phase is engaging and enabling the entire organization; moreover, it entails step four, five and six while the last phase involves implementing and sustaining change; additionally, it encompasses the seventh and eighth steps. This theory involves gradual change that eventually becomes permanent, during the period of implementation; thus, an organization can enjoy various changes that are taking place. Therefore, when the change is complete it is anchored into an organization’s policies, and it becomes permanent. This theory mostly involves the person who comes up with the idea to make changes since it is his or her responsibility to see it successful. In addition, Kotter’s change theory is relevant in healthcare since it is capable of enhancing patient safety. Moreover, the theory offers opportunities for innovations capable of improving the safety of patients within the healthcare (Kotter, 2007). Lippitt’s Theory Lippitt came up with the seven-step theory, which lays much emphasis on the key roles, as well as responsibilities of change agent; however, there is a continuous exchange of information all through the process. Moreover, it commences with diagnosis of the problem whereby the problem is detected, and raises the organizations’ concern. After the diagnosis, the motivation and capability for change is assessed. Therefore, assessment of resources as well as motivation of the agent of change is the step that follows. The next step entails choosing change objects that are progressive; however, there is also the development of action plans and establishment of strategies. Change agent’s role ought to be selected and understood clearly by every party in order to ensure that clear expectations are made; therefore, maintaining change then follows. Effective communications, as well as c oordination of groups, are vital components in this phase. Finally, change agent ought to pull steadily out from their major roles with time. Therefore, this can take place when change has become part of the culture of the organization (Petersen & Pedersen n.d). However, after the change has been implemented it should be included in an organization’s rules and policies to make it part of the company. The Theories Application Lippit’

Chipotle in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chipotle in China - Essay Example Emerging markets like China with more than one billion consumers give the western restaurant chains a great opportunity to expand their foot prints. In this paper, we are going to address the possible negotiation and ethical challenges that the food chain Chipotle is going to face as they start business in China. Chipotle Business Model Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. runs restaurants in the United States. The company also has international presence through restaurants in Toronto and London. Currently as of the end of 2011, the number of stores stands at 1,230. It also owns one ShopHouse Southeast Asian Kitchen. The company tries to find the best class of ingredients for making great tasting foods. Chipotle has shown very quick growth over the last half decades. The company plans to introduce around 155 to 165 new restaurants in 2012 (Annual Report 2011, 3). Chipotle restaurants’ list of options has only a few items like, ‘burritos, burrito bowls, tacos and salads’. But customers have the liberty to decide from ‘four different meats, two types of beans and a variety of extras such as salsas, guacamole, cheese and lettuce’. So, there are in fact adequate varieties. Chipotle restaurants draw a lot of consumers. So the outlets frequently have lines. But it has been capable to serve more than 300 buyers an hour at some places (Annual Report 2011, 3-4). Chipotle’s cooking techniques are traditional in nature. They marinate and grill meats, hand-cut produce and herbs, make fresh salsa and guacamole, and cook rice in small lots all over the day. The kitchen’s planning more closely is similar to the design of high-end restaurants. Every Chipotle restaurant has a â€Å"restaurant manager, an apprentice manager, one or two hourly service managers, one or two hourly kitchen managers and an average of 20 full and part-time crew members† (Annual Report 2011, 4-5). Certain key ingredients (‘beef, pork, chicken, beans, rice, sour cream, and tortillas’) are purchased from a small number of suppliers. Chipotle does not buy raw materials straight from cultivators or other suppliers. It has selected and endorsed all of the suppliers from whom ingredients are purchased. Chipotle owns and operates 22 regional distribution centers. The necessary commodities are sent to the restaurants from these distribution centers (Annual Report 2011, 6). Chipotle’s profitability varies from quarter to quarter due to seasonal factors. The average restaurant sales and profits touch the bottom in the first and fourth quarters. The biggest challenges for Chipotle are staffing new restaurants and finding sites for new restaurant (Annual Report 2011, 6-8). Recently the news has emerged that Chipotle may include some Asian cuisine into their menu. It intends to do so through ShopHouse Southeast Asian Kitchen. The cuisine will include not just Chinese or Japanese, but also Thai, Malaysian and Vietnamese (Steinmetz). Chain Restaurants Industry in China and Chipotle The Chinese consumer food services market has grown from US$133.6 billion in 2004 to US$ 294.4 billion in 2009. As a result the market has grown at a CAGR of 12.5% over the five year period. The market is expected to grow to $449.3 billion in 2014. The factors effecting this growth are strong economic growth of China with rapid urbanization and increasing disposable income that changed lifestyle and consumption patterns. There is a general tendency among the urban population that they tend to spend time at work and in social activities. So they save time by avoiding the meal preparation task (My Decker Capital, 3). The fast food market is a very important segment of the consumer food market. This segment has grown to a US$69.4 billion market in 2009 and is expected to grow to US$113.1 billion in 2014. The growth of the fast food industry is mainly driven by the increasing working population. The key characteristic of the fast food service restaurants are their low cost. This factor also serves as a key competitive advantage (My Decker Capita

Theoretical Matrix of Organizational Change Research Paper

Theoretical Matrix of Organizational Change - Research Paper Example However, it should be noted that the contribution of these people is vital for effective change to take place. The fourth category is late majority, which mainly involves individuals who are interested in the results brought about by change before they can devote themselves to the change. The fifth one is laggards, which is composed of individuals who might disagree with efforts aimed at bringing change. In addition, they may also not be effective during the initial as well as the late change phases (Bate, Mendel and Robert, 2008). Kotter’s Theory According to Kotters' theory, change is made of emotional and situational components. Moreover, he developed a model of eight steps where through it change can be managed. These include the development of urgency, creation of a team to guide others, creation of vision, buying communication, enabling actions, creation of short-term advantages, not giving up and making the change stick. In addition, Kotter organizes every step into thr ee similar phases. The initial phase, which is the creation of climate that enables change, entails the first, second and third step. The next phase is engaging and enabling the entire organization; moreover, it entails step four, five and six while the last phase involves implementing and sustaining change; additionally, it encompasses the seventh and eighth steps. This theory involves gradual change that eventually becomes permanent, during the period of implementation; thus, an organization can enjoy various changes that are taking place. Therefore, when the change is complete it is anchored into an organization’s policies, and it becomes permanent. This theory mostly involves the person who comes up with the idea to make changes since it is his or her responsibility to see it successful. In addition, Kotter’s change theory is relevant in healthcare since it is capable of enhancing patient safety. Moreover, the theory offers opportunities for innovations capable of improving the safety of patients within the healthcare (Kotter, 2007). Lippitt’s Theory Lippitt came up with the seven-step theory, which lays much emphasis on the key roles, as well as responsibilities of change agent; however, there is a continuous exchange of information all through the process. Moreover, it commences with diagnosis of the problem whereby the problem is detected, and raises the organizations’ concern. After the diagnosis, the motivation and capability for change is assessed. Therefore, assessment of resources as well as motivation of the agent of change is the step that follows. The next step entails choosing change objects that are progressive; however, there is also the development of action plans and establishment of strategies. Change agent’s role ought to be selected and understood clearly by every party in order to ensure that clear expectations are made; therefore, maintaining change then follows. Effective communications, as well as c oordination of groups, are vital components in this phase. Finally, change agent ought to pull steadily out from their major roles with time. Therefore, this can take place when change has become part of the culture of the organization (Petersen & Pedersen n.d). However, after the change has been implemented it should be included in an organization’s rules and policies to make it part of the company. The Theories Application Lippit’

Administration experience and training experience Essay

Administration experience and training experience - Essay Example The National Institute for Training is known for conducting seminars and workshop for both public and private organizations in the Middle East. In fact, NIT has always been tapped by the government to give training workshops for public servants because of its excellent programs. NIT is a leader in providing management related training workshops whether for public administrators or private managers. In fact, NIT has been recognized by the United Nations as premier trainor for public administration. Change and Creativity Workshop - I took this training because I know how important it is to introduce change in an organization to better improve its services. Usually, managers are stuck with the same routines and procedures after being used to their daily responsibilities. It seems that there is no other better way to do some things which is why some problems do not get solved at all. What I envisioned from the NIT workshops was an opportunity to gain stronger understanding of the  diff erent ways to improve management skills by making effective decisions while using creativity. I took the training experience for this particular workshop because I am seeking for new approaches to initiating procedures, policies and system. It is in my fervent hope that my management skills would become better after thus workshop. Meetings and Time Management I took the meetings and time management training because I want to enhance my time management skills. Previously, I was burdened my many unimportant tasks because I tried to attend to everything as much as possible. Even insignificant phone calls were answered which preoccupied my time. Likewise, I conducted long meetings that can be already considered unproductive. For this reason, I knew I had to attend the training so I can increase my productivity as a manager by focusing on more important things. I saw myself becoming very effective in time management after attending the training. Problem Solving and Decision Making One of the major functions of managers is to solve problems that can hamper operational efficiency. Part of solving problems is effective decision making that can make a great impact on business processes. I took this training experience because there are many challenges confronting a manager today. Before the start of the training, I was looking forward to new principles about problem solving and decision-making. Also, I knew that there are new approaches to solving problems using different tools or mind maps that can be introduced in the seminar. Usually, managers like myself have been too traditional in approaching problem solving. This time, I wanted something out of the box that can aid me in coming up with more creative ways to solve problems. I also want to come up with decisions that have win-win solutions for all parties involved. Briefly, I want to change and this training experience can help me acquire new skills and knowledge to become an agent of change. Q2. A full descriptio n what you learned from this training experience, including underlying principles, concepts, and competencies. During the training, some of the principles and concepts were not actually new to me anymore. Nevertheless, I still learned many things from this training experience. Change and Creativity Workshop- It is very important for managers like myself to become more resourceful and innovative because of the various challenges posed by the highly-competitive business environment. Likewise, the changing forces of globalization place an extra challenge for organizations to cope with ; hence, managers like myself should move forward along with trends. The first module which was Change and Creativity Workshop aimed at making managers agents of change. Usually, people are

Nutrition - Food Essay Example for Free

Nutrition Food Essay Thesis Statement Most of the college students have unhealthy food preferences. Topic Outline I.Influence of Media A. Calorie-dense foods are extremely rewarding to consume. B.Causes greater snack food consumption. II.Income of an individual A.Eating healthy is expensive. B.Low income individual eat and buy cheaper foods. III.Convenience A.Fast and easy access 1.Delivery services 2.Ready to eat foods a. frozen foods 1.)TV dinners 2.)shelf-stable products 3.)prepared mixes B.Saves time Food, in order to serve its purpose, should first be consumed. Under normal circumstances, food is consumed only if it is palatable enough for the consumer. It therefore becomes a great responsibility of one who prepares and serves food to make the food palatable besides being nutritious and safe. Food habits do not develop in a vacuum. Like other forms of human behavior, they are the result of many personal, cultural, social, and psychological influences (Williams, 1974). Nowadays, teenagers choose food they like without considering about it contains. Because of busy life, they choose fast food, snack which is non-nutritive over nutritive-rich ones like rice, meat, and do not care if it shortens their life, damage their health or cause many diseases. There are numerous factors that affect the food habits of each person within a culture. Some of this is the societal factor and the lifestyle factor. In societal factor, the food production and distribution system are responsible for the availability of foods which differs from region to region and country to country. Food availability influenced by the socioeconomic and political systems. On the other hand, in lifestyle, both availability and control of food at the societal level affect the lifestyle factors of individuals. These factors includes income, occupation, place of residence, regional differences, religious beliefs, health beliefs, physiological characteristics, puberty, gender, person’s state of health and lastly, the household structure and composition (Kittler Sucher, 2004).

Design of Hybrid Filter With Wavelet Denoising

Design of Hybrid Filter With Wavelet Denoising Simranjit Kaur DESIGN OF HYBRID FILTER WITH WAVELET DENOISING AND ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION FILTER FOR IMAGE DESPECKLING 1. INTRODUCTION Digital images are images which are formed of picture elements also termed as pixels. The pixels typically are arranged in a rectangular array. The dimensions of the pixel array determine its size. Its width is defined by the number of columns, and height by the number of rows in that array. Digital images are susceptible to various types of noise.Speckleis a form of noise which exists in and decreases the quality of the active  radar  and  synthetic aperture radar  (SAR) images. Image denoising is an essential task in image processing, both as a component in other processes and as a process itself. Various methods are there to denoise the image. A good image denoising model preserves edges, while removing noise. If the window size is quite large, then the over smoothing will occur and edges become blur out. If the size of window is small, then the smoothing property of the window decreases and doesn’t remove the speckle noise that efficiently. Secondly, in the traditional filters there is no enhancement of edges. Thirdly these existing filters are non directional. Finally, the thresholds which are used in the existing filters, although are inspired by statistical arguments, they are ad hoc improvements which only display the drawbacks of the window-based approach. So, inorder to alleviate this problem, hybrid filter with Wavelet denoising and anisotropic diffusion filter, has been proposed. In this model, we work on the drawbacks of the previous models such as oversmoothing of the images and unnecessaryremoval of the edges. 1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY The scope of work for this model is finding an accurate technique for the development of a hybrid despeckling model whose main purpose is to preserve the edges of the image and avoid oversmoothing during denoising. We have to study various previous techniques and on the basis of the study we will develop a model which overcomes the flaws of existing despeckling methods while improving the quality parameters in the end of filtering process. 2. OBJECTIVES To reduce the speckle noise. To improve the parameters like peak signal to noise ratio, equivalent no of looks and coefficient of correlation. Tocreate a better image processing algorithm To investigate the proper selection of wavelet filters and thresholding scheme which yields optimal visual enhancement of SAR images. Tocreate a better image processing algorithm for denoising technique. To design a hybrid filter from the two existing filters for removal of noise in uniform regions from the image. 3. BRIEF LITERATURE SURVEY Until now, several researches and case studies have been reported about wavelet denoising . Yuan Gao and Zhengyao Bai [2] proposed a speckle reduction method which is based on curvelet domain in SAR images. In this technique, curvelet transform is mapped with wavelet filtering. In the first step, multiplicative noise is converted in to additive noise. Second step is to compute the threshold, by using soft and hard thresholding curvelet coefficients are thresholded. Lastly, opposite CT and exponential transform are applied to reconstruct the original image. This shows that this method is better than other filtering techniques. S.Sudha et al. [3] proposed a tool for noise removal in ultrasound images. The comparison shows that the proposed technique provides better results than other existing techniques. Manish Goyal and Gianetan Singh Sekhon [4] applied wavelet based hybrid thresholding techniques: firstly applied the statistical technique and then filtering based on bayes threshold. Then results are calculated which is followed by applying soft thresholding. The experimental results show that this filter gives better results. Alka Vishwa, Shilpa Sharma [5] created a simple context-based model for the selection of threshold within a wavelet denoising model. Estimations of the local variance with appropriate weights are used for thresholding. Although, it is seen that the denoised image, during removal of a substantial amount of noise also suffers practically node gradation in the sharpness and details. The experimental result shows that this proposed method yields significantly improved visual quality and also better PSNR in comparison with the other techniques for the denoising. Rohit Verma,Jahid Ali [6] has discussed different types of noise that can creep in image during acquisition. In the second section various filtering techniques are presented that can be used for denoising the digital image. Experimental results found that the BM3D along with median filters gave better results and the averaging and minimum filters performed the worst. BM3D is best choice of removing Salt and pepper noise. In all other cases median filter is considered more suitable. K.Bala Prakash ,R.Venu Babu and Venu Gopal [7] proposed a new technique which is independently select the filter for different types of images. In this technique a new independent filter will automatically check which filter gives better results in images,. The results are computed using different parameters. The experimental results shows that proposed technique gives better results than other techniques. Mashaly et al. [8] introduced a new technique which is based on morphological operations. In this paper Synthetic aperture radar images are used. In this morphological operations are applied to remove the speckle noise reduction and the results are compared with different filtering techniques such as adaptive and non adaptive filters. Adib Akl and Charles Yaacoub [9] proposed a method for image denoising that uses wavelet denoising and an adaptive form of the Kuan filter that results in a significant removal of speckle noise. The results are tested in respect of the peak signal to noise ratio, equivalent no of looks and coefficient of correlation. Udomhunskal and Wongsita [10] presented a method for Ultrasonicspeckledenoisingusingthe hybrid technique which is based on wavelet transform and wiener filter to reduce thespecklenoisewhile preserving the details. In this method, firstly apply the 2D discrete wavelet transform for the noisy image. Then, the wiener filter isapplied to each detail subband. The results found that this method removes the ultrasonicspeckle more efficiently. 4. GAPS IN STUDY 5. PROBLEM FORMULATION The basic idea of this model is the estimation of the uncorrupted image from the noisy image or distorted image known as â€Å"image denoising†. To remove noisy distortions, there are various methods to help restore an image. Choosing the best method plays a very important role for getting the desired image. There are various existing techniques to remove the Speckle Noise Reduction but due to some drawbacks these techniques cannot remove Speckle Noise efficiently. The major drawbacks of the existing filters are: The adaptive filters like Lee filter, Kuan filter and Frost filter are not able to perform a full removal of Speckle without losing any edges because they rely on local statistical data and this Statistical data related to the filtered pixel value and this data depends upon the filter window over an area. As these existing filters are very much sensitive to the Window Shape and Window Size. If the Window Shape is very much larger than over smoothing will occurs. As window size is smaller than the Smoothing Capability of the Window will decrease. So, to overcome these limitations we proposed a new hybrid technique that combines Wavelet based denoising and anisotropic diffusion filter. As Wavelet is Frame based Approach, it does not dependent on Space or Time. Wavelet also provides better Resolution. In Anisotropic diffusion filter, it is based on partial differential equation. It does not depends upon the window size but, on Mean Square Error approach. So it provides better filtering capability and enhances the edges. By applying these techniques the efficiency of the system is increased and noise is reduced to the greater extent. 6.METHODOLOGY Wavelet denoising is a modern approach to denoising which is not based on local statistical data. The wavelet denoising is a frame based approach. In this approach, a wavelet transform is applied on the image, followed by thresholding method. In the end, an inverse wavelet transform is applied to the image for lengthening the image components after they were reduced during wavelet decomposition. A speckled image can be expressed in the form of k=m*n Where m is the original image and the n is noise with mean and unknown variance. The following diagram explains the DWT-denoising.Wavelet-based denoising consists of: Applying the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to the noisy image k, Thresholding the detail coefficients, and Finally applying inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) technique on the threshold coefficients to obtain an estimation of the original image kas shown in Figure1. Figure1. Block diagram of wavelet denoising Theimage k is inserted in the filter in the logarithmic form i.e. k=m+n. After wavelet transform W is applied, it results in W(k). W(k) undergoes the thresholding process which results in T(W(k)) which is represented asfwin the figure 1.Finally, the de-speckled image is extracted using the inverse transform W-1. Anisotropic diffusion filter: In anisotropic diffusion the main method is to smoothen within the region in preference to the smoothening across the edges. Without bias due to the filter window shape and size the partial differential equation based removal approach allows the generation of image scales consisting of set of filtered image. So, anisotropic diffusion is adaptive and does not utilize the hard thresholds to alter performance in homogeneous areas or in region near edges and small features. This is quite edge sensitive. In the anisotropic diffusion filter, conduction coefficient is taken to be one within given region it is zero near the edges. Equation for anisotropic diffusion is as given I (x, 0) = =div (F) + – Here I is input image, is the initial image, div (F) is diffusion flux and is entire coefficient Overview of Framework First load the image using a MATLAB processing tool box and add speckle noise into in the image which can be seen in the form black and white dots. After image is loaded it will pass through wavelet denoising filter where log transformation is applied so as to decrease the multiplicative nature of the image by making it additive for easing the removal process.Here Bayes Shrink Threshold is used for thresholding process. The Bayesian Shrinkage contains a soft-threshold and minimizes the Bayesian risk. Shrink threshold is calculated by considering a Generalized Gaussian Distribution. After that an Inverse wavelet transform will be applied on the threshold output, so as to extract the image. After applying the Wavelet Transform, hybrid of the anisotropic filter and wavelet will be formed, sothat it provides better results than simple Wavelet denoising techniques. After the image passes through the filter, results will be evaluated in terms of peak signal to noise ratio, Coefficient of c orrelation and equivalent No of looks. These results will show that the hybrid model gives better results than other existing techniques. Figure 2.Basic flowchart depicting the despeckling of an image using hybrid model. 7. FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR PROPOSED WORK The various hardware and software facilities of the proposed model are given as under : Hardware Requirements: Intel Core CPU 3 GB RAM Windows server Software Requirements: MATLAB Software(R2012a) 32 bit (win32) 8. PROPOSED PLACE OF WORK Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran Mohali, India REFERENCES

Slavery Today and How Can We End It :: essays research papers

-Children Dangerous working conditions and long hours is an everyday reality for 14 percent of children today. Using children for cheap labor is common in many countries. Some of these children have never attended school or dropped out after a few years. Believing that every child has the right to education and playtime, thousands of people from every corner of the world marched together to say no to child labor in 1998 under the banner of ?Global March Against Child Labor?. The international community responded by drafting the International Labor Organization Convection against the worst forms of child labor. From these efforts, the network of organizations under the umbrella of Global March Against Child Labor was born. Global March works worldwide to promote every child?s right to meaningful education and freedom from exploitation and dangerous labor. In my opinion I still think that if kids want a job and want an education then they should have a choice. Global March is now asking people to sign to the "Keep Your Promises" petition. This campaign reminds governments of their commitments to keep children out of dangerous labor environments, provide universal education. I believe children should make the most of their childhood and have fun with it! Children shouldn?t be trapped into slavery, the children shouldn?t be put to wars, children shouldn?t be the victims of the adult created sins and problems, children have to enjoy their childhood and that is the most important thing to me. -Women There are many similarities the way women today are treated and the slave institution which was the most devastating system in this country's history. First of all, slavery was a system of degradation that destroyed the self-esteem, self-worth, and the self-importance of the people considered slaves. This system enabled the white upper class to create a level of servitude and a mentality that still exists. The slaves were thought of as "free labor" that was placed on earth to serve the Europeans, particularly men. Well, women today are considered by society to be second-class citizens that are expected to serve men. So the servitude issue didn?t die. The slaves were considered to be property and were given the last name of their owners, so that people would know whom they belonged to when they encountered them. This was a way of claiming them as property. The same thing exists today. When women get married today, they take the last name of their husband.

Plato Thought on Education Essay

â€Å"The object of education is to turn the eye which the soul already possesses to the light. The whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding. † (Plato) In the fifth century B. C. E Plato was born into an aristocratic Greek family. As a youngster his intention was to be engaged in politics. However in his twenties his thoughts were change after coming into the circle of Socrates, who was to be the lasting influence on his thought. Hence, following the execution of Socrates on accusations of the corruption of youth Plato abandoned direct involvement in politics and turned to writing and education. Plato was well known for his works which were all written in the form of dialogues. In the Republic, written about 385 B. C. E and in the Laws, his last work, on which he was still at work at the end of his life Plato addresses childhood in the context of education. Plato saw education as â€Å"the one great thing†, no scheme of human life was so important to him, since he rejected birth as a criterion for distributing the function of education. He believes that the aim of education was the harmonious development of human personality with the central purpose was to produce the right type of individualities in the state. Therefore, Plato saw the state primarily as an educational entity. His scheme of education was greatly influenced by Spartan system of education. In the Spartan system the family had no control over the education of its members. The state was controlling all aspects of education. In the Republic, Plato devotes much attention to the education of the child as a future citizen. He believes that the child belongs to the state and its education is the responsibility of the state in addition education must be compulsory for all. Furthermore, Plato was not concerned with training children for a trade but rather with giving them an education in virtue, which is to produce â€Å"a keen desire to become a perfect citizen who knows how to rule and be ruled† in turn. Education was seen as the correct channelling of pains and pleasures, aiming at establishing â€Å"a nature in which goodness of character has been well and truly established† so as to breed a familiarity with reason, since Plato saw reason as man’s true nature, therefore it has to be nurtured from childhood by irrational means. In Plato views education was to begin before birth therefore he recommends that the care of the soul and body of the child begin with prescribed walks for the pregnant woman before birth. For the first two years of life children should be kept well wrapped up, even though they should be taken to the country or on visits. Also, they should be carried until they are old enough to stand on their own to prevent subjecting their limbs to too much pressure. This was necessary since the main importance of movement lies in its influence on the early development of a well-balanced soul and the cultivation of the body is mainly for the soul’s sake. Another aspect of education was the formation of character. Plato saw storytelling as the main tool in the development of character. Since stories should provide models for children to imitate, seeing that as ideas taken in at an early age become indelibly fixed. Moreover storytelling must begin at an earlier age than physical training. â€Å"Physical training may take two or three years, during which nothing else can be done; since weariness and sleep are unfavourable to study. Physical training was vital as the exercises were an important test of character. Additionally a child’s character will also be formed while he or she plays Plato attached much importance to children’s games. Even though the sexes are to be separated at the age of six, he believes that children are to be brought together for games. Teachers must provide children with miniature tools of the different trades, so that they can use the children’s games to channel their pleasures and desires toward the activities they will engage in when they are adults. However, children and adults should not imitate base characters when playing or acting, for fear of forming a habit that will become second nature. In addition to storytelling and play, reading, writing, music and arithmetic were an integral part of Plato’s educational system. Beginning at the age of ten a child is required to spend three years on reading, writing, and the poets, and another three learning the lyre. Then they would study elementary mathematics up to the age of seventeen or eighteen. He thought that all of this was to be done with as little compulsion as possible in, order to for them to learn â€Å"enough to fight a war and run a house and administer a state† (Republic, bk.7, 535-541). This period of education could not be extend or curtail neither by the child nor father either out of enthusiasm or distaste. Children were expected to work on their letters until they are able to read and write, but any whose natural abilities have not developed sufficiently by the end of the prescribed time to make them into quick or polished performers should not be pressed. Enforced exercise does no harm to the body, but enforced learning will not stay in the mind (Laws, bk. 7, 536). Plato also felt the necessity of moral education. The members of a society should learn that they are the members of one society and that they should live in the spirit of harmony and co-operation. Plato realizes that the better way of imparting moral instructions, is the sanction of supernatural authority. Plato also believes with conviction that a nation cannot be strong unless it believes in God. Certainly, Plato’s views on education have significantly influenced educational thought to this day and have become the basis of many educational policies His system of education includes instructions for the training of body, mind and soul. Plato also believed that an ideal state, embodying the highest and best capabilities of human social life, can really be achieved, if the right people are put in charge. Since the key to the success of the whole is the wisdom of the rulers who make decisions for the entire city, His view of philosophy as an educational activity and of education as the development of reason, the responsibility of which lies squarely with the state, is still a living educational challenge.

Use Psychological Theories to Explain Aggressive Behaviour

Use Psychological theories to explain aggressive behaviour. Describe three method’s a coach might use to eliminate aggressive tendencies of performers and to encourage an active and healthy lifestyle. (6 Marks) Aggression is the attempt to harm outside the rules of the game. There are many different theories of how aggression is formed. Instinct theory was proposed by Freud and is the trait view of behavior and shows the drawbacks of this perspective, that behaviour is at all time predictable.It proposes that aggression is genetically inherited and that a violent trait lies within everyone. Freud called this innate characteristic the ‘death instinct’, which purpose is to seek aggressive destruction. Lorenze put foreward the idea that aggressive energy is constantly building and needs to be released. Bandura presented the social learning theory, which has the view that all behaviour is learnt. Aggression is not a genetically based innate characteristic but it nurtu red by the external environmental factors.So aggression can therefore be learned by watching and copying from role models and becomes an acceptable way to behave if it is reinforced. Aggression is likely to occur if it is part of the social and cultural norm of a group. The Frustration aggression hypothesis was proposed by Dollard, he proposed that frustration develops when goal-directed behaviour or need to achieve is blocked. The tendency towards frustration is increased when the pursued goal reflects ego or outcome orientation. Frustration occurs from environmental situations such as defeat, good opposition and poor officiating.This is a integrationist theory because frustration generated by the environment triggers the aggressive gene. If the aggressive act is successful, frustration is released and the aggressor feels good. This is known as a cathartic release. But if the aggression fails and results in punishment, further frustration is generated. The aggression cue hypothesis theory presents a second integrationist perspective and builds upon Dollard’s work. Berkowitz believed that frustration lead to an increase in arousal.However, he disagrees that frustration alone will always trigger aggression. He proposed that frustration creates a readiness for aggression, which is triggered when a provocative environmental cue is present. Aggressive cues such as perceived unfairness for example; biased officiators will trigger aggression in sport if arousal among participants is high. However, better players have the capacity to control frustration and arousal. A coach could introduce some cognitive strategies to lower psychological arousal such as counting to ten to regain composure.They could introduce somatic methods to eliminate aggression such as relaxation techniques and breathing techniques to calm down. The aggressive person could also be given a role of responsibility or shown that dysfunctional behaviour will be punished, for example in a match aggressive behaviour will not be tolerated and the player will be substituted. But also non-aggressive behaviour should be positively reinforced. Emphasis on non-aggressive role models will help to eliminate aggressive behaviour. The control of aggression positively promoted an active and healthy lifestyle.

Global Economy Essay

Globalization is corporate driven; it’s the system which allows trans-national business and finance to invest what they want where they want; to produce what they want; and to buy and sell what they want, everywhere, with the fewest restrictions possible coming from labour laws, social conventions or environmental regulations. Globalization is also finance driven. Corporate-led, finance-driven globalization has been extremely successful (George 2008, p. 1). Globalization has been extremely beneficial to those at the top of various societies. The benefits of globalization for ordinary people have been problematic particularly in the mature capitalist countries. Those who advocate for neo-liberal globalization claim it thrusts the floor upwards for everybody an extremely debatable proposition in a world where a billion people exist with a buying power of a dollar a day and approximately half the world with less than two dollars a day (George 2008, p. 1). Multi national corporations, finance corporations and wealthy persons contribute less and less proportionally in taxation to national budgets. This means the ordinary people, consumers and local businesses pay more than their reasonable allocation (George 2008, p. 1). More and more people are doubtful as to whether globalisation has delivered on its promises and benefits. 57 % of the people recently interviewed in the G7 countries are of the opinion that globalisation has moved too fast in recent years. In twenty seven other countries, 64 % were of the opinion that the advantages and troubles of globalisation were unjustly shared. Only in ten out of the thirty four countries polled did the bulk of the people think of globalisation as a positive factor for local economic development (Falk 2008, p. 1). World Sourcing and Outsourcing In the corporate world, companies are exploiting the emerging markets in line with globalization. A company like Levono has its products, human resources and facilities in 160 countries around the world. Market trends such as outsourcing have created a time zone that universal. This means that the company can access the resources it needs from any part of the globe where the costs are lower at any time regardless of its time zone. It is a top-down strategy designed to save on costs by handing the non-core operations to a third party who offers the lowest price. World sourcing is a business strategy that influences the positive aspects of globalization to maximize on value and quality that the company delivers to customers globally (Walker 2008,p. 3). Companies in the global economy can source for everything where the best talent exists and like wise sell where the best market is located. Companies that practice world sourcing create value twenty four hours a day. The global distribution of resources such as talents and markets has created a nucleus of excellence strategy. A company in this case can have its marketing department in India, designing being done in Japan, its fulfilment centres located in North America and the manufacturing facilities located in China, Latin America, India and Europe. This distribution of resources also means as companies tap into the skills and talents spread across the globe, career choices then cease to be hindered by geographical boundaries (Walker 2008,p. 5). World sourcing as a globalization strategy is envisaged on the principle that brand cuts across nationality and geographical boundaries. The more a company extends to the entire world for the finest ideas, human resources and processes, the more it develops in the refined essence of its brand name. It is appraised not by nationality, but according to the excellence of its products, services, degree of corporate social responsibility, governance, environmental practices, transparency, and ultimately, the degree of value it conveys to customers globally (Walker 2008, p. 7). Global corporations that world source their products and services are exposed to the inquisitive light and censure from challenging consumers and government watchdogs in different countries. They can only build confidence by complying with the highest principles of governance, compliance transparency, and excellence (Walker 2008, p. 7). Global Networking Debate on networked economy began as early as 1865 in Paris. However it is the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) that has turned the world into a truly global village. This means a global networked economy. By definition a global village or a global networked economy means that there is instantaneous relay of information from one part of the globe to another. The connectivity of the internet today has contributed greatly towards global connectivity (Tarjanne 1997, pp. 2-3). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has played a vital part in networking based on global connectivity. The Radio Regulations, one of the inter-governmental treaties of which ITU is the guardian recognizes the electro-magnetic spectrum as a universal resource of humanity. A Recent development in this field is the advancement of satellite handsets, the Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite (GMPCS). Satellite systems will enable access to essential telecommunications from any part of the globe regardless of time zones and geographical boundaries (Tarjanne 1997, p. 4). However global networking is still not yet fully attained. Access to technology is largely influenced by wealth. Approximately 97% of all Internet hosts are based in the developed countries which represent 16% of the world’s population. There are approximately fifty countries that still lack an Internet host within their boundaries. One of the objectives of the ITU is to support the extension of the benefits of the new telecommunications technologies globally (Tarjanne 1997, p. 5).

Media have transformed sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Media have transformed sport - Essay Example Now, with the help of media, live broadcasts have become very famous among people from all walks of life. Mass communication and mass media came into existence and became popular by the end of 19th century. Examples would be; print media, cigarette cards, cinema newsreel, radio and the latest television era. Then came the tabloid revolution, new men’s magazines, advertising and electronic media like satellites. In the era of print media, social commentators played an important role, new guides and sports magazines began to be published and ‘graphic revolution’ of 1961 as referred to as by Boorstin. Pulitzer established the first ‘sports department’ in New York Times in1883 (McChesney 1989: 53). Sports news has been dominated by national newspapers and has outsourced multi sports magazines (Horne, 1992). As for the cigarette cards; they were invented in France. Cinema brought movement and hence sporting action to the audience for the first time (Aldgate 1979: 17). In Britain, the first cinema performance held in public was in 1896, and there came into being around 4000-5,000 cinemas by 1914. Radio had its own advantages. It was a medium that provided listeners with immediacy. 1922 is the year when this happened in the UK and thus British Broadcasting Corporation was formed. After the formation of BBC in 1927, sport broadcasts became a well known element in the schedules (see Whannel 1992). Next development was in the form of the television; which was established in the 1930s but received more recognition in the 1950s to 1970s. By 1965, BBC had established Sportsview (1954), Grandstand (1958) and Match of the Day (1962) as regular programmes, ITV had launched World of Sport, and in the USA, ABC Sport had launched Wide World of Sport, with its subtitle "the thrill of victory, the agony of defeat", and adopted its slogan "up close and personal" (Powers 1984: 118-21). These developments transformed the nature of sport stardom. Stars and

Systems of governance and authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems of governance and authority - Essay Example This resulted in significant losses among the European nations, both economically and politically, that had controlled resources in the Americas. The European countries ventured in Africa with a desire to maintain their wealth and political power. They promoted this new form of imperialism as a â€Å"moral obligation to civilize† the African communities (Louis, 2006). They also justified their entry and scramble for Africa with views such as seeking new markets and accessing resources for their newly formed industries. However, the main underlying reason for colonization of Africa was to seize the opportunity to demonstrate political and economic superiority over their rivals. Different countries used different approaches in exerting their influence on the African continent. The British used indirect rule while the French implemented the assimilation policy. The Belgians and Germans, on the other hand, used cruelty to maintain their control over African communities they ruled (Louis, 2006). Regardless of the tactics used, however, the hegemony over the African continent would only last a few generations before independ ence movements and revolutions emerged to help Africans regain control of their continent. Most of the communities in Africa reacted angrily to the control of the Europeans. Many of them rejected the colonial rule from the very onset. In Nigeria, for instance, the British Empire took over the region and exerted its control over the local communities. The Western African region the British took over was made up of different communities, some of which had their own leadership structures (Louis, 2006). Modern countries such as Nigeria, Benin, and Cameroun did not exist at the time the British gained control of the massive area in West Africa around River Niger. The British tried to bring the different communities together under one rule and one structure of governance. This move was met with great resistance,

What were the sources and manifestations of Turkish national Essay

What were the sources and manifestations of Turkish national consciousness in the late Ottoman period (1860-1922) - Essay Example According to notable historians, the foundation and manifestation of Turkish national consciousness in this era are summarized as follows: The advent of nationalism in Western Europe in the 19th century had a substantial effect with regard to how the Christian population in the Ottoman state viewed their identity. During this period, the new radical nationalists were contending with the traditional leaders within the millets. This condition was compounded by the fact that the emerging superpowers of those times were meddling with the internal affairs of the state depending on what is beneficial for their own interest. (Poulton) The Tanzimat is described as the embodiment of reforms pertaining to the various aspects of the relations between the state and the subject. It was pioneered by Mustafa Resid Pasa and continued by Ali Pasa and Fuad Pasa, who were modernist bureaucrats. The Tanzimat was established to challenge the prevailing system. Planned reforms on society, judiciary and education incorporated views on security of life and property, as well as fair and public trial. In addition, the Tanzimat aimed to introduce religious equality in courts, which shocked the Muslim population. (Poulton) Although these reforms failed to create the intended Ottoman nation, the Tanzimat facilitated the process of nationalism influencing the Christian populations and dismantling the empire in the Balkans. This was done by enfeebling the conservative millet leaders and rendering greater influence to the nationalists. (Poulton) Young Ottomans, who gained distinction during the late Tanzimat period (1867-78), were the first to organize opposition groups which utilized ideas of the Enlightenment and tried to integrate modernization with Islam. Moreover, they were the foremost Ottoman group to harness the power of the media to proliferate their principles. (Poulton) Most notable of these Young Ottomans were Namik Kemal and Ali Suavi. The former

How the organization communicates with prospective and current Case Study

How the organization communicates with prospective and current customers - Case Study Example The use of digital media made Coca Cola to deviate from the traditional strategies that would promote the product such as developing new products or extending the existing brands. Marketing is an important aspect of creating a strong brand while helping to reach out to the existing and potential customers. Every marketing strategy faces three uncertainties that are supposed to be weighed before engaging; the fear of failure, the return on investment and the fear of the unknown. Investing resources in the digital media for marketing brings forth all these uncertainties. However, these uncertainties can be assumed based on the advantages that come with the digital media. First, learning from failure can help device workable strategies in the digital space. Second, the digital media exhibits a very rapid growth while the marketers get to understand it better day by day. Finally, digital media is less expensive, therefore, learning from it especially on optimizing the return on investment is worthy. Coca Cola opted to ‘go digital’, and take advantage of the huge online traffic. This was done through a simple social concept that encouraged customers to exhibit brand loyalty while encouraging others to join the wagon. In the summer of 2011, they devised the ‘Share a Coke Campaign’ (Coca Cola, 2013). It began with the customers creating a can for a special friend and then finding their names and having a coke bottle bearing the name to developing customized coke bottles with people’s names. This campaign has gone global and it is still in progress after it demonstrated that it can facilitate the strengthening of the brand as well as increment in the sales volume. The campaign was focused on increasing the consumption of Coke during the summer of 2011 while bringing an appeal on the strength of the brand. Despite Coca Cola being known as a strong brand, they needed to

The Byzantines and the Vikings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Byzantines and the Vikings - Essay Example Education, scholarship, and art and architecture were essential aspects of the Byzantine culture, and Byzantine wealth supported the learning and scholarship of its people. The migration and raids of the Vikings (Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes) had an important role in the history of both the Western and Eastern Europe as it altered the political map during the period. The name Vikings or the Northmen was applied to all Scandinavians in the eighth century and they were also called the Verangians. One of the major factors that contributed to the migration and explorations of the Vikings was their ships which carried the horses and other trade materials. Significantly, they achieved an Eastern expansion in the eighth century and their expansion started with the wars among the East Kiev and East Slavs. Similarly, it also celebrated a Western expansion in England and the other regions. Agriculture and trade, learning and literature, art and architecture etc played central activities in the expansion of the Vikings.